Module 10
Key Terms:
Learning- This can occur in many ways, by observing others and changing our actions and thoughts. By working on and getting a better understanding of something.
Observational learning- When we learn by others, watching what they do and doing the same.
Modeling- This is where we do what we have just watched. A child may watch you or another example and do the behavior.
Live Models- Observed directly, they can be live or a symbol.
Symbolic Models- When someone does not live in the same environment as the observer, portrayed through movies and books etc.
ARPM (requisites for learning from models)- 1. Relevance 2. Competence 3. High Status 4. Gender- Appropriateness
Vicarious Reinforcement- When a behavior is imitated more when the model has been reinforced. Response facilitation effect.
Vicarious Punishment- Behavior is limited less frequently when a model has been punished. Response inhibition effect.
Self-efficacy- A persons belief and esteem in self capabilities.
Self-regulation- A personal characteristic that has received attention. Where we can control and maintain things.
Self-observation- Watching your self and viewing your own behavior.
Self-judgment- Comparing performance with goals and standards.
Self-evaluation- Deciding the quality of performance and deciding consequences.
Teacher Efficacy- Is our own belief in our capability to transmit knowledge and manage a classroom.
Collective Efficacy- Is the belief in success in a group.
Cognitive Modeling- Showing our thinking process to students and how we approached a situation.
Self-regulated learning- Where we can determine reinforcements and consequences on our own learning.
Reciprocal Determinism- Displaying our motivation and ambition in a situation.
Monday, March 7, 2011
Behaviorism Study Guide.
Module 9
Learning (Behaviorist definition)- Some define it as a change in behavior or knowledge, but there is much more too it. Deals with classical conditioning or operant conditioning where a persons learning can change in behavior, and with experiences.
Classical Conditioning- In this there is an unconditioned stimulus and unconditioned response, they are automatic. We can train our thinking and ways to respond to a particular situation.
Generalization- When you group or associate certain objects with another, for example the child thought the white rabbit was the same as the white rat.
Discrimination- When we differentiate and distinguish. The next step in conditioning where you can decipher different qualities.
Extinction- If the stimulus is repeated with out unconditioned stimulus, the behavior begins to come extinct.
Operant Conditioning- This includes paring of events, but it does not depend on involuntary behaviors. Has to do with voluntary behaviors.
Cueing- This is a non-verbal signal to help us or prompt us in remembering.
Reinforcement- This increases an understanding and is provided by review of material, helps us to put the information in our long-term memory.
Positive Reinforcement- This is adding desired rewards to a behavior.
Negative Reinforcement- Taking away unwanted behavior.
Presentation Punishment- For a specific action or performance this is what is taken away.
Removal Punishment- When negative behavior is present and something is taken away.
Schedules of Reinforcement- There are ratio, interval fixed and variable schedules. All of which can reinforce.
Token Economy- When a student is given a token for behavior, which you can exchange for prizes etc that they pick.
Contingency contract- Where there is a contract for each student going over goals for behaviors, and reward is given based on performances.
Group Contingency- This is based on behavior or academic achievement of the class as a whole. The students can help decided this.
Premack Principle- This is where you do not give tangible rewards more things like free time. Given especially in the early childhood years.
Shaping- When you want a behavior shown, steps are taken toward the behavior.
Fading- When an undesired behavior is being displayed and you gradually come out of it.
Reinforcing incompatible behaviors- Tow behaviors that are almost opposite, a teacher uses a strategy to reinforce the positive behavior.
Response cost- this is what happened in a given situation, the result of an action. Weather it be good or bad.
Learning (Behaviorist definition)- Some define it as a change in behavior or knowledge, but there is much more too it. Deals with classical conditioning or operant conditioning where a persons learning can change in behavior, and with experiences.
Classical Conditioning- In this there is an unconditioned stimulus and unconditioned response, they are automatic. We can train our thinking and ways to respond to a particular situation.
Generalization- When you group or associate certain objects with another, for example the child thought the white rabbit was the same as the white rat.
Discrimination- When we differentiate and distinguish. The next step in conditioning where you can decipher different qualities.
Extinction- If the stimulus is repeated with out unconditioned stimulus, the behavior begins to come extinct.
Operant Conditioning- This includes paring of events, but it does not depend on involuntary behaviors. Has to do with voluntary behaviors.
Cueing- This is a non-verbal signal to help us or prompt us in remembering.
Reinforcement- This increases an understanding and is provided by review of material, helps us to put the information in our long-term memory.
Positive Reinforcement- This is adding desired rewards to a behavior.
Negative Reinforcement- Taking away unwanted behavior.
Presentation Punishment- For a specific action or performance this is what is taken away.
Removal Punishment- When negative behavior is present and something is taken away.
Schedules of Reinforcement- There are ratio, interval fixed and variable schedules. All of which can reinforce.
Token Economy- When a student is given a token for behavior, which you can exchange for prizes etc that they pick.
Contingency contract- Where there is a contract for each student going over goals for behaviors, and reward is given based on performances.
Group Contingency- This is based on behavior or academic achievement of the class as a whole. The students can help decided this.
Premack Principle- This is where you do not give tangible rewards more things like free time. Given especially in the early childhood years.
Shaping- When you want a behavior shown, steps are taken toward the behavior.
Fading- When an undesired behavior is being displayed and you gradually come out of it.
Reinforcing incompatible behaviors- Tow behaviors that are almost opposite, a teacher uses a strategy to reinforce the positive behavior.
Response cost- this is what happened in a given situation, the result of an action. Weather it be good or bad.
Subscribe to:
Comments (Atom)