Soical Development Study Guide.

Terms:
Psychosocial crisis- In each developmental stage of Erickson’s theory a person goes through a challenge that turns out both positive and negative to help further their psychological development.
Erikson’s model of psychosocial development- There are eight stages, the first five develop in infancy through children in educational settings, and the others apply in the later years.
    Trust v. Mistrust- Parents and caregivers are the biggest role at this time, when a caregiver provides care for the baby’s needs this develops trust. When a baby’s needs are not met, they begin to develop a sense of mistrust, creating attachment issues.
    Autonomy v. Shame & Doubt- This occurs during toddlerhood, deals with responses. Dealing with capabilities, a child is developing autonomy or shame through the opportunities the parents are providing. Exploring with out guilt for mistakes, vs. disciplining or over protecting can hinder this development. 
    Initiative v. Guilt- Preschool age children, focuses more on interacting with peers. Children are rewarded for trying new things gaining a sense of initiative. You need to find a balance, too much of either initiative or guilt being where a child is over criticized can affect them.
    Industry v. Inferiority- Elementary and middle age children, learning to master many skills. Parents are still important but teachers and peers are become more of an influence. Industry deals with completing a task and inferiority is when a child feels in competent.
  Identity v. Role Confusion- Adolescence, individuality takes place. Psychological moratorium which is a time where teens need few responsibilities and more opportunities for exploring different roles. 
    Intimacy v. Isolation- In young adulthood, where you develop close personal relationships. Isolation happens when an individual goes through relationships with fear of rejection.
    Generativity v. Stagnation- Middle adulthood, deals with giving back to the next generation. In giving to the society they are helping to create this, people who feel board with life and feel they are not contributing is the opposite side of things.
    Integrity v. Despair- Elderly period of our lives, feeling that we lived a life worth living is integrity vs. despair feeling dissatisfaction with accomplishments. 
Social skills- Developing them in many stages, dealing with ability to work with others and interact is a process that helps with our over all social competence.
Sense of Self- An over all feeling and knowing of us.
Self-concept- Talks about our perception about ourselves.
Self-worth/Self-esteem- How a person evaluates themselves going along with feelings.
Marcia's Theory of Identity Development- Has to do with commitment and exploration.
    Identity achievement- Teens given opportunities dealing with occupations, skills etc. Related to better performance.  
    Identity diffusion- Teens have not yet begun the process of exploration, unable to make commitments.
    Identity foreclosure- Teens have parents using authority to tell them what to do.
    Moratorium- Teens are actively involved in exploring, but have yet to decide. DAP for most high schoolers.
Temperament- How a person acts, shy, excited etc. How there general person is.