Motivation Study Guide.

Rachel Reese
Motivation Study Guide

Module 15
Motivation: a persons desire to do/achieve something, this regulates behavior.
Extrinsic Motivation: “External” participating in an activity to gain an outcome other than the activity it’s self. (money, etc)
Intrinsic Motivation: “Internal” personal satisfaction in an activity, the activity itself is the reward.
Task-contingent rewards: rewards given for completing an activity. (Stickers, etc)
Performance-contingent rewards: rewards given for progress, when someone has reached a certain level or done well.
Flow: personal feeling of joy and accomplishment in a task that is challenging.

Module 16
Goal Theory: creating goals in all aspects, academic and non-academic.
Mastery Orientation (see Table 16.1): Focus- mastering a task, learning and understand. Standards- self-improvement, progress, deep understanding of a task. Outcomes- intrinsic motivation deep level learning strategies, preference for challenging tasks and moderate risk taking.
Performance Orientation (see Table 16.1): Focus- being superior, being the smartest, besting others. Standards- getting best or highest grades, being best performer in class. Outcomes- intrinsic motivation, effective, but often superficial learning strategies, low anxiety and positive self-efficacy. 
Attribution theory: people try to understand things that have happened to them, where they then try to explain what has happened.
Locus: is where we put the cause of the outcome.
Stability: how we see the cause, safe and secure or not.
Controllability: what we do personally to affect the cause, the success or failer.
Learned Helplessness: happens when students who have failed repeated times contribute that to what is currently happening, they believe its causes beyond their control.
Facilitating Anxiety: by having clear and well-organized lessons, and allowing the students to have clear expectations.
Debilitating Anxiety: by teaching study skills, and test taking strategies & coping skills with techniques before tests.

Module 17
Self-efficacy theory: expecting that we can succeed and are capable of an activity can change our motivation for the task.
Self-worth theory: we naturally strive to obtain a sense of self-worth, and maintain it.
Arousal: the desire or stimulation to do something, gets your brain moving.
Self-determination Theory: being internally controlled and regulated, helping us to have choices in our actions, other than being pressured.
Autonomy: independent, self-determination.
Need for competence: an innate desire to work on skills, attempt, explore and master them.
Relatedness: a feeling of being connected to others, sense of security.
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs: a pyramid of different needs, the bottom needs need to be met first, as the pyramid goes up. (psychological needs, safety needs, belonging & love needs, esteem needs, cognitive needs, aesthetic needs and self actualization)
Internalization: to incorporate self-determination and behavior.